Blowing-engine



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

(No Model.) 1

E. REYNOLDS. BLoWING ENGINE.

No. 245,660. Patented Aug. 16,1881.

N. PETERS, Phuwmhgnphqr. wamingmn, D. C.

3 Sheets-Sheet 3 (No Model.)

E. REYNOLDS.

BLOWING ENGINE.

No.. 245,660. Patented Aug. 16,1881.

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N, PETERS. Pimm-Unwnpbar. wamingtomac.

UNITED STATES `PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN REYNOLDS, OF MILWAUKEE, WISCONSIN.

BLOWlNG-ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 245,660, dated August16, 1881.

Application tiled March '17, 1881. (No model.)

To all 'whom it may concer/n,

Be it known that I, EDWIN REYNOLDS, of Milwaukee, in the county ofMilwaukee and State of Wisconsin, have invented certain Improveniente inBlowing-Engines, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to that class of blowing-engines or air-pressers inwhich a reciprocatin g piston operates within a cylinder 5 and itconsists iu improvements in the construction of the cylinder, thevalves, and the valve-seats, the objects of the invention being to soconstruct the cylinder and valves that all valves are accessible whilethe engine is in motion, to permit the repair or replacement of anyvalve which may be out of order with a slight delay in the operation ofthe engine, and to permit access to the interior of the cylinder withoutdisturbing the valves.

With these ends in view the invention consists in locating the valvesoutside of and around the ends of the cylinder; in the peculiarconstruction and arrangement of the valveseats and valves, whereby theyare rendered exceedingly cheap and simple and their removal facilitated,and in various minor details hereinafter described.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents alongitudinal central cross-section cylinder, piston, and valves of myengine. Fig. 2 represents a top-plan view ofthe same with thecylinder-head and valvechamber removed; Fig. 3, a horizontal section onthe line .r x, Fig. l; Fig. 4, a top-plan view of thelower cylinder-headand valve-seats, one side being shown in section on the line y y,

, Fig. l. Fig. 5 is a vertical central section through one pair ofinduction and eduction valves and their attendant parts in operativeposition; Fig. 6, a bottom-plan view of one of the lower valve-seats;Fig. 7 a top-plan view of the cage or holder of one of theeductionvalves.

A represents the cylinder; B, the reciprocating piston therein; C, thelower cylinderhead, in which the lower valve-seats are also formed; D,the upper cylinder-head, and E an annular casting in which the uppervalves are mounted.

The lower cylinder-head, C, is constructed, as shown, with an annularange or rim, a,

Iitted against and bolted securely to the end ot the cylinder, as shownin Fig. 1. Through the llange a of the head C there are numerous lateralports or openings, b, through which the air enters and leaves the lowerend of the cylinder. The ports b open into an annular space or chamber,d, entirely surrounding the cylinder, this space d communicating at thelower side, through inlet-valves F, with the atmosphere, andcommunicating at the upper side, through ou tlet-valves G, with anannularchamber, H, from which the air is delivered to a pipe or otherconductor. There are, as shown, a large number of the inlet and outletvalves arranged at short distances apart around the outside ot thecylinder. The valves are ot' the form ordinarily known as puppet-valves,and are arranged in pairs, each outlet-valve G being directly above thecorresponding inletvalve F.

The manner in which the valves are inserted and secured is clearlyrepresented in Figs. l, 3, 4, and 5. Circular openings to receive themare formed vertically through the top and bottom ot the annular chamberd, with a shoulder, e, near the upper end ot each opening. A skeletonframe or cage, I, to guide the outletvalve is passed upward through eachopening 7c, and a lange on its lower end seated tirmly against theiiange in the opening, as shown in Fig. 5, the cage extending throughand above the opening into the air-receiving chamber H. Theoutlet-valve, having a central guidingstem on its upper side, with aspiral spring, K, surrounding the saine, is then inserted and its stemseated in the cage I.

An annular seat, L, for the valve G is inserted within the cage I, andheld by a iiange atits lower end, resting firmly against the lower endof the cage. The cage and seat are both held to their places by means ofthe seat N of the inlet-valve F. This seat N is provided with a centraleye to receive and guide the downwardly-extending stem ot' the valvel F,and is also provided with an upwardly-extending neck, in which thevalve-seat is formed, and which has a skeletonized upper end, m, whichtits against the lower end of the upper valve-seat, as shown. vThe lowerseat, N, fits closely in place, and is provided at the under side withtwo ears, through which bolts M are inserted to hold it iirmly in place.It will be seen that the seat N serves not only to receive and guide theinlet-valve F, but also to secure in place the seat L and guiding-cage Iof the outlet-valve Gr, so that by simply removing the bolts M both theinlet and outlet valves and their attendantparts maybeinstantlyreleased. As the piston rises, the inliowing air raises valveF and passes thence through chambers d and ports b into the cylinder. Asthe piston descends, the air-pressure closes the valve F and opens thevalve G. the air passing the latter into the chamber H, and thence fromthe engine. At the kupper end of the cylinder the parts are ofsubstantially the same construction as at the lower end, the onlyessential dif-Y ference being that the cylinder-head D is cast in aseparate independent piece from the annular chamber, so that it may beremoved to give access to the interior ot' the cylinder withoutdisturbing the valves. This construction may be used at the lower end ofthe cylinder, if desirable. The ports b, annular chamber d, and theinlet and outlet valves, with their attendant parts, are ot' the sameconstruction as at the lower end of the cylinder.

It will be noted as a marked feature of my engine that all the valvesare exposed in such manner that they may be removed from the outside ot'the cylinder without interfering with each other. The valves andvalve-seats are all constructed in duplicate, so that in the levent ofthe breakage or disarrangement of any valve it may be instantly removedand another inserted in its place with but a momentary stoppage of theengine.

In the drawings I have represented the usual water-jacket, O, around theexterior of the cylinder and of the cylinder-heads; but this j acket maybe used or not, as preferred.

The4 drawings represent the annular airchamber H and the adjacentvalve-chambers d as being cast together in one piece. While this is thepreferred construction, they may be made in separate pieces, if desired.

The spiral springs K are applied to the stems of the outlet-valves G forthe purpose of checking the upward movementof the valves and preventingthe violent concussion which might otherwise occur when running theengine at high speeds.

In order to render the valves as light as possible, their guiding-stemsare bored outor made tubular. By thus lightening they are caused tooperate more easily and with less noise than would otherwise be thecase. While it is preferred to adhere to the details shown in thedrawings, it is manifest that the form and arrangement of the parts maybe modified in many respects, which will suggest themselves to theskilled mechanic, without departing from the limits of my invention ormaterially changing their mode of action; and for this reason I do notconne myself to the exact details represented.

A distinctive feature ot1 my engine consists in the arrangement ofvalves in annular series around the cylinder in the nearest possibleproximity to the interior of the same, whereby the air-space between thecylinder and the valves is reduced to a minimum and the efflciency ofthe engine for high-pressure work greatly increased as compared withengines in which the valves area arranged in straight series at adistance from the interior ot' the cylinder.

' It is also to be noted, in connection with my construction, that thesame ports serve both for the admission and the escape of the air, thusreducing the air-space between the cylinder and valves very greatlybelow that which necessarily exists in engines having separate ports forthe inlet'and outlet of the air.

I am aware that independently-removable valves have been applied fromthe exterior of the cylinder, the valves being, however, covered by capsor casings,.and the parts so constructed that it was necessary to removesaid caps before access could be gained to the valves. My constructiondiiers therefrom in that my valves are constantly exposed, and that theyare at all times accessible for the purpose of removal or for otherpurposes without the previous removal of other parts.

Having thus-described my invention, what I claim isl l. In ablowing-engine, eduction and induction valves located outside of and inclose proximity to the cylinder in annular series.

2. In a piston blowing-engine, the combination of a cylinder and anannular chamber surrounding the same and communicating therewith, withlateral ports and eduction and induction valves located in oppositesides of said chamber.

3. The combination ot' the cylinder, the lateral ports, the annularchamber into which said ports open, induction-valves on one side of saidchamber, eduction-valves on the opposite sides ot' said chamber, and anair-delivery chamber into which the eduction-valves open.

4. In a piston blowing-engine, an annular air-chamber communicating withthe interior ot' the cylinder, and eduction and induction valvesarranged in pairs in line with each other at opposite sides ot' saidchamber.

5. In combination with the cylinder, the annular metal body or end piecehaving ports b, chambers d, and openings to receive the inlet and outletvalves.

6. In combination with the valve Gr, its cage and seat, an annularsupport, N, constructed and applied, substantially as shown., tomaintain the cage and seat in position.

7. The combination of the cage I, valve G, seat L, seat N, and valve F,as shown.

8. In a blowing-engine, an induction and eduction valve, one secured inplace by means ot' the other, substantially as described and shown.

9.. In a piston blowing-engine, the combination of an outwardly-openingvalve and a spring,

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substantiallyV as shown, which commences its structed substantially asdescribed, whereby action after the valve has opened and ceases theirindependent and instantaneous removal 1o its sction before the valve isclosed. is permitted.

l n a. piston blowing-engine, the combi- 5 nation of a cylinder and aseries of valves com- EDWIN REYNOLDb' municeting therewith, seid Valvesbeing ex- Witnesses: posed when in an operative position directlyr EDW.P. ALLIS, Jr., on the exterior of the cylinder, and being con- HARRIE M.FUMADE.

